CONTENTS

• NAME
• SYNOPSIS
• DESCRIPTION
• HISTORY
• PROBES
• EXAMPLES
• REFERENCES
• SEE ALSO
• AUTHORS

#NAME

perldtrace - Perl's support for DTrace

#SYNOPSIS

# dtrace -Zn 'perl::sub-entry, perl::sub-return { trace(copyinstr(arg0)) }'
dtrace: description 'perl::sub-entry, perl::sub-return ' matched 10 probes

# perl -E 'sub outer { inner(@_) } sub inner { say shift } outer("hello")'
hello

(dtrace output)
CPU     ID                    FUNCTION:NAME
  0  75915       Perl_pp_entersub:sub-entry   BEGIN
  0  75915       Perl_pp_entersub:sub-entry   import
  0  75922      Perl_pp_leavesub:sub-return   import
  0  75922      Perl_pp_leavesub:sub-return   BEGIN
  0  75915       Perl_pp_entersub:sub-entry   outer
  0  75915       Perl_pp_entersub:sub-entry   inner
  0  75922      Perl_pp_leavesub:sub-return   inner
  0  75922      Perl_pp_leavesub:sub-return   outer

#DESCRIPTION

DTrace is a framework for comprehensive system- and application-level tracing. Perl is a DTrace provider, meaning it exposes several probes for instrumentation. You can use these in conjunction with kernel-level probes, as well as probes from other providers such as MySQL, in order to diagnose software defects, or even just your application's bottlenecks.

Perl must be compiled with the -Dusedtrace option in order to make use of the provided probes. While DTrace aims to have no overhead when its instrumentation is not active, Perl's support itself cannot uphold that guarantee, so it is built without DTrace probes under most systems. One notable exception is that Mac OS X ships a /usr/bin/perl with DTrace support enabled.

#HISTORY

#5.10.1

Perl's initial DTrace support was added, providing sub-entry and sub-return probes.

#5.14.0

The sub-entry and sub-return probes gain a fourth argument: the package name of the function.

#5.16.0

The phase-change probe was added.

#5.18.0

The op-entry, loading-file, and loaded-file probes were added.

#PROBES

#sub-entry(SUBNAME, FILE, LINE, PACKAGE)

Traces the entry of any subroutine. Note that all of the variables refer to the subroutine that is being invoked; there is currently no way to get ahold of any information about the subroutine's caller from a DTrace action.

:*perl*::sub-entry {
    printf("%s::%s entered at %s line %d\n",
           copyinstr(arg3), copyinstr(arg0), copyinstr(arg1), arg2);
}

#sub-return(SUBNAME, FILE, LINE, PACKAGE)

Traces the exit of any subroutine. Note that all of the variables refer to the subroutine that is returning; there is currently no way to get ahold of any information about the subroutine's caller from a DTrace action.

:*perl*::sub-return {
    printf("%s::%s returned at %s line %d\n",
           copyinstr(arg3), copyinstr(arg0), copyinstr(arg1), arg2);
}

#phase-change(NEWPHASE, OLDPHASE)

Traces changes to Perl's interpreter state. You can internalize this as tracing changes to Perl's ${^GLOBAL_PHASE} variable, especially since the values for NEWPHASE and OLDPHASE are the strings that ${^GLOBAL_PHASE} reports.

:*perl*::phase-change {
    printf("Phase changed from %s to %s\n",
        copyinstr(arg1), copyinstr(arg0));
}

#op-entry(OPNAME)

Traces the execution of each opcode in the Perl runloop. This probe is fired before the opcode is executed. When the Perl debugger is enabled, the DTrace probe is fired after the debugger hooks (but still before the opcode itself is executed).

:*perl*::op-entry {
    printf("About to execute opcode %s\n", copyinstr(arg0));
}

#loading-file(FILENAME)

Fires when Perl is about to load an individual file, whether from use, require, or do. This probe fires before the file is read from disk. The filename argument is converted to local filesystem paths instead of providing Module::Name-style names.

:*perl*:loading-file {
    printf("About to load %s\n", copyinstr(arg0));
}

#loaded-file(FILENAME)

Fires when Perl has successfully loaded an individual file, whether from use, require, or do. This probe fires after the file is read from disk and its contentss evaluated. The filename argument is converted to local filesystem paths instead of providing Module::Name-style names.

:*perl*:loaded-file {
    printf("Successfully loaded %s\n", copyinstr(arg0));
}

#EXAMPLES

#Most frequently called functions

# dtrace -qZn 'sub-entry { @[strjoin(strjoin(copyinstr(arg3),"::"),copyinstr(arg0))] = count() } END {trunc(@, 10)}'

Class::MOP::Attribute::slots                                    400
Try::Tiny::catch                                                411
Try::Tiny::try                                                  411
Class::MOP::Instance::inline_slot_access                        451
Class::MOP::Class::Immutable::Trait:::around                    472
Class::MOP::Mixin::AttributeCore::has_initializer               496
Class::MOP::Method::Wrapped::__ANON__                           544
Class::MOP::Package::_package_stash                             737
Class::MOP::Class::initialize                                  1128
Class::MOP::get_metaclass_by_name                              1204

#Trace function calls

# dtrace -qFZn 'sub-entry, sub-return { trace(copyinstr(arg0)) }'

0  -> Perl_pp_entersub                        BEGIN
0  <- Perl_pp_leavesub                        BEGIN
0  -> Perl_pp_entersub                        BEGIN
0    -> Perl_pp_entersub                      import
0    <- Perl_pp_leavesub                      import
0  <- Perl_pp_leavesub                        BEGIN
0  -> Perl_pp_entersub                        BEGIN
0    -> Perl_pp_entersub                      dress
0    <- Perl_pp_leavesub                      dress
0    -> Perl_pp_entersub                      dirty
0    <- Perl_pp_leavesub                      dirty
0    -> Perl_pp_entersub                      whiten
0    <- Perl_pp_leavesub                      whiten
0  <- Perl_dounwind                           BEGIN

#Function calls during interpreter cleanup

# dtrace -Zn 'phase-change /copyinstr(arg0) == "END"/ { self->ending = 1 } sub-entry /self->ending/ { trace(copyinstr(arg0)) }'

CPU     ID                    FUNCTION:NAME
  1  77214       Perl_pp_entersub:sub-entry   END
  1  77214       Perl_pp_entersub:sub-entry   END
  1  77214       Perl_pp_entersub:sub-entry   cleanup
  1  77214       Perl_pp_entersub:sub-entry   _force_writable
  1  77214       Perl_pp_entersub:sub-entry   _force_writable

#System calls at compile time

# dtrace -qZn 'phase-change /copyinstr(arg0) == "START"/ { self->interesting = 1 } phase-change /copyinstr(arg0) == "RUN"/ { self->interesting = 0 } syscall::: /self->interesting/ { @[probefunc] = count() } END { trunc(@, 3) }'

lseek                                                           310
read                                                            374
stat64                                                         1056

#Perl functions that execute the most opcodes

# dtrace -qZn 'sub-entry { self->fqn = strjoin(copyinstr(arg3), strjoin("::", copyinstr(arg0))) } op-entry /self->fqn != ""/ { @[self->fqn] = count() } END { trunc(@, 3) }'

warnings::unimport                                             4589
Exporter::Heavy::_rebuild_cache                                5039
Exporter::import                                              14578

#REFERENCES

#DTrace User Guide

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E19082-01/819-3620/index.html

#DTrace: Dynamic Tracing in Oracle Solaris, Mac OS X and FreeBSD

http://www.amazon.com/DTrace-Dynamic-Tracing-Solaris-FreeBSD/dp/0132091518/

#SEE ALSO

#Devel::DTrace::Provider

This CPAN module lets you create application-level DTrace probes written in Perl.

#AUTHORS

Shawn M Moore sartak@gmail.com

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