use 5.008; package base; use strict 'vars'; use vars qw($VERSION); $VERSION = '2.23'; $VERSION =~ tr/_//d; # constant.pm is slow sub SUCCESS () { 1 } sub PUBLIC () { 2**0 } sub PRIVATE () { 2**1 } sub INHERITED () { 2**2 } sub PROTECTED () { 2**3 } my $Fattr = \%fields::attr; sub has_fields { my($base) = shift; my $fglob = ${"$base\::"}{FIELDS}; return( ($fglob && 'GLOB' eq ref($fglob) && *$fglob{HASH}) ? 1 : 0 ); } sub has_attr { my($proto) = shift; my($class) = ref $proto || $proto; return exists $Fattr->{$class}; } sub get_attr { $Fattr->{$_[0]} = [1] unless $Fattr->{$_[0]}; return $Fattr->{$_[0]}; } if ($] < 5.009) { *get_fields = sub { # Shut up a possible typo warning. () = \%{$_[0].'::FIELDS'}; my $f = \%{$_[0].'::FIELDS'}; # should be centralized in fields? perhaps # fields::mk_FIELDS_be_OK. Peh. As long as %{ $package . '::FIELDS' } # is used here anyway, it doesn't matter. bless $f, 'pseudohash' if (ref($f) ne 'pseudohash'); return $f; } } else { *get_fields = sub { # Shut up a possible typo warning. () = \%{$_[0].'::FIELDS'}; return \%{$_[0].'::FIELDS'}; } } if ($] < 5.008) { *_module_to_filename = sub { (my $fn = $_[0]) =~ s!::!/!g; $fn .= '.pm'; return $fn; } } else { *_module_to_filename = sub { (my $fn = $_[0]) =~ s!::!/!g; $fn .= '.pm'; utf8::encode($fn); return $fn; } } sub import { my $class = shift; return SUCCESS unless @_; # List of base classes from which we will inherit %FIELDS. my $fields_base; my $inheritor = caller(0); my @bases; foreach my $base (@_) { if ( $inheritor eq $base ) { warn "Class '$inheritor' tried to inherit from itself\n"; } next if grep $_->isa($base), ($inheritor, @bases); # Following blocks help isolate $SIG{__DIE__} changes { my $sigdie; { local $SIG{__DIE__}; my $fn = _module_to_filename($base); eval { require $fn }; # Only ignore "Can't locate" errors from our eval require. # Other fatal errors (syntax etc) must be reported. # # changing the check here is fragile - if the check # here isn't catching every error you want, you should # probably be using parent.pm, which doesn't try to # guess whether require is needed or failed, # see [perl #118561] die if $@ && $@ !~ /^Can't locate \Q$fn\E .*? at .* line [0-9]+(?:, <[^>]*> (?:line|chunk) [0-9]+)?\.\n\z/s || $@ =~ /Compilation failed in require at .* line [0-9]+(?:, <[^>]*> (?:line|chunk) [0-9]+)?\.\n\z/; unless (%{"$base\::"}) { require Carp; local $" = " "; Carp::croak(<[0] = @$battr; if( keys %$dfields ) { warn <<"END"; $derived is inheriting from $base but already has its own fields! This will cause problems. Be sure you use base BEFORE declaring fields. END } # Iterate through the base's fields adding all the non-private # ones to the derived class. Hang on to the original attribute # (Public, Private, etc...) and add Inherited. # This is all too complicated to do efficiently with add_fields(). while (my($k,$v) = each %$bfields) { my $fno; if ($fno = $dfields->{$k} and $fno != $v) { require Carp; Carp::croak ("Inherited fields can't override existing fields"); } if( $battr->[$v] & PRIVATE ) { $dattr->[$v] = PRIVATE | INHERITED; } else { $dattr->[$v] = INHERITED | $battr->[$v]; $dfields->{$k} = $v; } } foreach my $idx (1..$#{$battr}) { next if defined $dattr->[$idx]; $dattr->[$idx] = $battr->[$idx] & INHERITED; } } 1; __END__ =head1 NAME base - Establish an ISA relationship with base classes at compile time =head1 SYNOPSIS package Baz; use base qw(Foo Bar); =head1 DESCRIPTION Unless you are using the C pragma, consider this module discouraged in favor of the lighter-weight C. Allows you to both load one or more modules, while setting up inheritance from those modules at the same time. Roughly similar in effect to package Baz; BEGIN { require Foo; require Bar; push @ISA, qw(Foo Bar); } When C tries to C a module, it will not die if it cannot find the module's file, but will die on any other error. After all this, should your base class be empty, containing no symbols, C will die. This is useful for inheriting from classes in the same file as yourself but where the filename does not match the base module name, like so: # in Bar.pm package Foo; sub exclaim { "I can have such a thing?!" } package Bar; use base "Foo"; There is no F, but because C defines a symbol (the C subroutine), C will not die when the C fails to load F. C will also initialize the fields if one of the base classes has it. Multiple inheritance of fields is B supported, if two or more base classes each have inheritable fields the 'base' pragma will croak. See L for a description of this feature. The base class' C method is B called. =head1 DIAGNOSTICS =over 4 =item Base class package "%s" is empty. base.pm was unable to require the base package, because it was not found in your path. =item Class 'Foo' tried to inherit from itself Attempting to inherit from yourself generates a warning. package Foo; use base 'Foo'; =back =head1 HISTORY This module was introduced with Perl 5.004_04. =head1 CAVEATS Due to the limitations of the implementation, you must use base I you declare any of your own fields. =head1 SEE ALSO L =cut